Elizabeth II was born on April 21, 1926, in London. At the center of it all is the queen herself, who celebrated her own 90th birthday in 2016 but shows few signs of slowing down. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The Princess Elizabeth became an honorary colonel of the Grenadier Guards regiment in 1942. Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Andrew attend the Badminton Horse Trials in 1973. Also in May, Elizabeth made a historic trip to Ireland, becoming both the first British monarch to visit the Irish republic and the first to set foot in Ireland since 1911. On the eve of the wedding her father, the king, conferred upon the bridegroom the titles of duke of Edinburgh, earl of Merioneth, and Baron Greenwich. Elizabeth II (born 21 April 1926) has held numerous titles and honours, both during and before her time as monarch of each of her Commonwealth realms.Each is listed below; where two dates are shown, the first indicates the date of receiving the title or award (the title as Princess Elizabeth of York being given as from her birth), and the second indicates the date of its loss or renunciation. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. (From left) Prince Charles, Queen Elizabeth, Princess Margaret, the duke of Edinburgh, King George VI, and Princess Elizabeth. Elizabeth and her future husband, Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark (June 10, … The marriage took place in Westminster Abbey on November 20, 1947. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Elizabeth assumed the title of queen upon her father’s death in 1952. It’s every third-grader’s dream, but only the Queen has the pleasure … Elizabeth II (right) and Catherine, duchess of Cambridge, visiting Leicester, England, at the start of the queen's Diamond Jubilee tour of the United Kingdom, 2012. During her “Silver Jubilee” in 1977, she presided at a London banquet attended by the leaders of the 36 members of the Commonwealth, traveled all over Britain and Northern Ireland, and toured overseas in the South Pacific and Australia, in Canada, and in the Caribbean. With her father’s health declining in 1951, Elizabeth stepped in for him at various state functions. Her formal coronation as Queen Elizabeth II took place on June 2, 1953, in Westminster Abbey. In 1957, after state visits to various European nations, she and the duke visited Canada and the United States. Elizabeth II with (from left) Princess Anne, Prince Philip, Prince Andrew, and Prince Charles. In the summer of 1951 the health of King George VI entered into a serious decline, and Princess Elizabeth represented him at the Trooping the Colour and on various other state occasions. Queen Elizabeth II wrote a heartfelt message to 190 Maundy Gift recipients after the traditional pre-Easter mass was canceled amid the worldwide coronavirus pandemic —details Her coronation was held at Westminster Abbey on June 2, 1953. Early in 1947 Princess Elizabeth went with the king and queen to South Africa. Royal family portrait, August 22, 1951. READ MORE: Queen Elizabeth II: 13 Key Moments in Her Reign. Queen Elizabeth II is the longest-reigning British monarch, and today is her official birthday. Elizabeth II, queen of the United Kingdom from February 6, 1952, the longest-reigning monarch in British history. SEE MORE: Glorious Behind-the-Scenes Photos of Queen Elizabeth's 1947 Wedding. In April 2011 Elizabeth led the family in celebrating the wedding of Prince William of Wales—the elder son of Charles and Diana—and Catherine Middleton. © 2021 A&E Television Networks, LLC. Marten, afterward provost of Eton College, and had instruction from visiting teachers in music and languages. Elizabeth and Margaret got their … As a result, her father became King George VI, and 10-year-old “Lilibet” (as she was known within the family) became the heir presumptive to the throne. In addition, as the country struggled with a recession, resentment over the royals’ lifestyle mounted, and in 1992 Elizabeth, although personally exempt, agreed to pay taxes on her private income. Queen Elizabeth II is reportedly unhappy with the drama in the royal family surrounding Prince Harry and Meghan Markle’s tense relationships with the likes of Prince William and Prince Charles. But though she stands for the continuity and tradition of the English monarchy, Elizabeth II’s reign has been anything but ...read more, Victoria (1819-1901) was queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1837–1901) and empress of India (1876–1901). Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The following month she surpassed George III to become the second longest-reigning monarch in British history, behind Victoria. She is known to favor simplicity in court life and is also known to take a serious and informed interest in government business, aside from traditional and ceremonial roles. By Leah Silverman. Her tragic death the following year triggered a tremendous outpouring of shock and grief, as well as outrage at the royal family for what the public saw as its ill treatment of the “People’s Princess.”. After her return there was an announcement of her betrothal to her distant cousin Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten of the Royal Navy, formerly Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Princess Elizabeth, accompanied by Prince Philip, took his place. Posted at 0:01 0:01. In 2019, the couple had a son, Archie Mountbatten-Windsor. Elizabeth was the elder daughter of Prince Albert, duke of York, and his wife, Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. From tabloid coverage of Princess Margaret’s affair to Prince Charles’s affair with Camilla Parker Bowles, the royal family entered the spotlight like never before. Queen Elizabeth II, 94, is head of the Church of England and a devoted Christian for whom Easter is a hugely important holiday.Usually, the Queen attends a … She is also a descendant of Queen Victoria. In her seventh decade on the throne, Queen Elizabeth presided over the pomp and circumstance of another royal wedding at Westminster Abbey, that of Prince William to Catherine Middleton in April 2011. As queen, she has kept many thoroughbred racehorses and frequently attended racing and breeding events. They took residence at Clarence House in London. On October 7 she and her husband set out on a highly successful tour of Canada and Washington, D.C. After Christmas in England she and the duke set out in January 1952 for a tour of Australia and New Zealand, but en route, at Sagana, Kenya, news reached them of the king’s death on February 6, 1952. Their first child, Prince Charles (Charles Philip Arthur George), was born November 14, 1948, at Buckingham Palace. Queen Elizabeth II attends Derby Day during the Investec Derby Festival at Epsom Racecourse on June 3, 2017 in Epsom, England. The queen seemed increasingly aware of the modern role of the monarchy, allowing, for example, the televising of the royal family’s domestic life in 1970 and condoning the formal dissolution of her sister’s marriage in 1978. Her financial and property holdings have made her one of the world’s richest women. The queen’s popularity, and that of the entire royal family, rebounded during the first decade of the 21st century. When ...read more, The long reign of Elizabeth, who became known as the “Virgin Queen” for her reluctance to endanger her authority through marriage, coincided with the flowering of the English Renaissance, associated with such renowned authors as William Shakespeare. Sir Gerald Wollaston reading the official proclamation of Elizabeth being queen of England, February 8, 1952. Though the couple soon welcomed two sons, William and Harry, their marriage quickly imploded, causing considerable public embarrassment for the queen and the entire royal family. In 1981, all eyes were on the royal family once again as Prince Charles wed Lady Diana Spencer at St. Paul’s Cathedral in London. Elizabeth married her distant cousin Philip Mountbatten and had four children: Prince Charles (heir apparent), Princess Anne, Prince Andrew, and Prince Edward. These attempts were met with mixed success. In 2002 Elizabeth celebrated her 50th year on the throne. On September 9, 2015, she surpassed Victoria’s record reign of 63 years and 216 days. The queen’s other children were Princess Anne (Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise), born August 15, 1950, and created princess royal in 1987; Prince Andrew (Andrew Albert Christian Edward), born February 19, 1960, and created duke of York in 1986; and Prince Edward (Edward Anthony Richard Louis), born March 10, 1964, and created earl of Wessex and Viscount Severn in 1999. Queen Elizabeth II is descended from Mary Boleyn, sister of Anne Boleyn. On Wednesday 6 February 1952, she received the news of her father's death and her own Accession to the throne while staying in a remote part of Kenya. Despite being history’s most widely traveled head of state—she has reportedly visited 116 countries during her reign—Elizabeth does not hold a passport. In 1992, Elizabeth’s 40th year on the throne and her family’s “Annus Horribilis” (according to a speech she gave that November) both Charles and Diana and Prince Andrew and his wife, Sarah Ferguson, separated, while Princess Anne and her husband, Mark Phillips, divorced. Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926) is the Queen of the United Kingdom, and the other Commonwealth realms.. She became Queen when her father, King George VI, died on 6 February 1952.Since 9 September 2015, Elizabeth II has ruled longer than any other king or queen in the history of the United Kingdom. “Will Queen Elizabeth Give Prince Charles the Throne in 2018?” Newsweek. She is the longest-reigning monarch in British history. She continues to follow much the same schedule as she has for the entirety of her reign, including official work, public appearances and plenty of time outside with her beloved dogs and horses. Queen Elizabeth II's ascension to the throne at just 25 years old in 1952 is certainly a fascinating story.Now one of the more compelling parts is back in … In 1947, soon after the royal family returned from an official visit to South Africa and Rhodesia, they announced Elizabeth’s engagement to Prince Philip of Greece, her third cousin (both were great-great-grandchildren of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert) and a lieutenant in the Royal Navy. Elizabeth and Margaret spent much of World War II living apart from their parents in the Royal Lodge at Windsor Castle, a medieval fortress outside London. That same year, the royal couple celebrated 70 years of marriage, making theirs the longest union in the history of the British monarchy. The surname Windsor proudly retained by Queen Elizabeth II was first assumed by the British royals during World War I. In 2005, the queen enjoyed public support when she gave her assent to Prince Charles’ once-unthinkable marriage to his longtime love Camilla Parker Bowles. Queen Elizabeth II reading a speech from the throne at the state opening of Parliament, 1958. Privately, she became a keen horsewoman; she keeps racehorses, frequently attends races, and periodically visits the Kentucky stud farms in the United States. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Britain's Queen Elizabeth II, accompanied by her husband, Prince Philip, waving to well-wishers as she rides to St. Paul's Cathedral for a service celebrating her Golden Jubilee in 2002. When she married Prince Charles in 1981, Lady Diana Spencer became the first ...read more, Queen Elizabeth II is such an institution that it’s easy to forget she wasn’t supposed to have become queen at all. Though she spent much of her childhood with nannies, Princess Elizabeth was influenced greatly by her mother, who instilled in her a devout Christian faith as well as a keen understanding of the demands of royal life. Corrections? Always a vigorous traveler, she kept a punishing schedule to mark the occasion, traveling some 56,000 miles around the Commonwealth, including the island nations Fiji and Tonga, New Zealand, Australia, Papua New Guinea, the British West Indies and Canada. In 1942, the king made Elizabeth an honorary colonel in the 500 Grenadier Guards, a Royal Army regiment. In another modernizing measure, she also agreed to open the state rooms at Buckingham Palace to the public for an admission fee when she was not in residence. Princess Elizabeth was christened in a lace gown originally worn by Queen Elizabeth I. When Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, the elder daughter of Prince Albert, Duke of York, and his wife, Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, was born on April 21, 1926, she apparently had little chance of assuming the throne, as her father was a younger son of King George V. But in late 1936, her uncle, King Edward VIII, abdicated to marry an American divorcée, Wallis Simpson. At the time, her personal fortune was estimated at $11.7 billion. In 2012 Elizabeth celebrated her “Diamond Jubilee,” marking 60 years on the throne. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Elizabeth-II, Vision - Queen Elizabeth II: Duty Comes First, The Home of the Royal Family - Her Majesty The Queen, Government of Canada - Canadian Heritage - Biography of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, The Canadian Encyclopedia - Biography of Queen Elizabeth II, Elizabeth II - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Elizabeth II - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Queen Elizabeth, King George VI, Princess Margaret, and Princess Elizabeth, Queen Elizabeth II: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Elizabeth II and Catherine, duchess of Cambridge. To UK citizens, Queen Elizabeth II is the Sovereign and Head of State, but to the royal babies she's simply Gan-Gan. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! The princess’s education was supervised by her mother, who entrusted Elizabeth and her sister to a governess, Marion Crawford. Beginning in November 1953 the queen and the duke of Edinburgh made a six-month round-the-world tour of the Commonwealth, which included the first visit to Australia and New Zealand by a reigning British monarch. All Rights Reserved. Omissions? Moreover, Anne divorced, and a fire gutted the royal residence of Windsor Castle. As she always does the Thursday ahead of … Elizabeth, now queen, at once flew back to England. The patron of hundreds of charities, Elizabeth II believes that giving … A consistent presence by his wife’s side and one of Britain’s busiest royals for much of her reign, Prince Philip stepped down from his royal duties in 2017, at the age of 96. Elizabeth and Philip had two more children, Andrew (born 1960) and Edward (born 1964). As the child of a younger son of King George V, the young Elizabeth had little prospect of acceding to the throne until her uncle, Edward VIII (afterward duke of Windsor), abdicated in her father’s favour on December 11, 1936, at which time her father became King George VI and she became heir presumptive. The queen is accused of lobbying the government for a change to the law. Her grandmother, Queen Mary, consort of King George V, also instructed Elizabeth and her younger sister Margaret in the finer points of royal etiquette. By her death in 1603, ...read more, A well-groomed, staid British family sit around the breakfast table. When Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, the elder daughter of Prince Albert, Duke of York, and his wife, Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, was born on April 21, 1926, she apparently had little chance of assuming the throne, as her father was a younger son of King George V. But in late 1936, her uncle, King Edward VIII, abdicated to marry an American divorcée, Wallis Simpson. In 1968, Charles was formally invested as the Prince of Wales, marking his coming of age and the beginning of what would be a long period as king-in-waiting. In May 2018, Prince Harry wed the American actress Meghan Markle, a biracial divorcée whose embrace by the royal family indicated just how modern it had become during Elizabeth’s long reign. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. Extremely popular for nearly all of her long reign, the queen is known for taking a serious interest in government and political affairs, apart from her ceremonial duties, and is credited with modernizing many aspects of the monarchy. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Serve others. All these children have the surname “of Windsor,” but in 1960 Elizabeth decided to create the hyphenated name Mountbatten-Windsor for other descendants not styled prince or princess and royal highness. The criticism intensified following Diana’s death in 1997, especially after Elizabeth initially refused to allow the national flag to fly at half-staff over Buckingham Palace. In the 1990s, however, the royal family faced a number of challenges. Since all British passports are issued in the queen’s name, she herself doesn’t need one. By Sir Anthony Seldon & Peter Snowdon. A fire also broke out at Windsor Castle that same year, and amid public outcry over the use of government funds to restore the royal residence, Queen Elizabeth agreed to pay taxes on her private income. Queen Elizabeth II: 13 Key Moments in Her Reign, Glorious Behind-the-Scenes Photos of Queen Elizabeth's 1947 Wedding, Charles was formally invested as the Prince of Wales, How Prince Charles and Lady Diana's Wedding Became a Global Phenomenon. During her reign the English monarchy took on its modern ...read more, 1. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. But in the summer, after she had moved from Clarence House to Buckingham Palace, she undertook the routine duties of the sovereign and carried out her first state opening of Parliament on November 4, 1952. Queen Elizabeth II has a "very bonny" new great-grandson after Zara Tindall gave birth to a baby boy "very quickly" on her bathroom floor, her husband announced. Princess Diana—who married into British royalty, only to later be divorced from it—devoted herself to charitable causes and became a global icon before dying in a car accident in Paris in 1997. As a result, her father became King George VI, and 10-year-old “Lilibet” (as sh… Elizabeth II in her coronation robes, photograph by Cecil Beaton, 1953. Updates? She eventually served in World War II. Elizabeth was grounded in history by C.H.K. In line with her earlier attempts at modernizing the monarchy, the queen subsequently sought to present a less-stuffy and less-traditional image of the monarchy. Queen Elizabeth is carrying on a pre-Easter tradition — despite some changes due to the coronavirus pandemic. During World War II she and her sister, Princess Margaret Rose, perforce spent much of their time safely away from the London blitz and separated from their parents, living mostly at Balmoral Castle in Scotland and at the Royal Lodge, Windsor, and Windsor Castle. Murphy is director of the Institute of Commonwealth Studies at University College London and author of "The Empi… With her legacy of era-defining looks, Queen Elizabeth II is indisputably a style icon. READ MORE: How Prince Charles and Lady Diana's Wedding Became a Global Phenomenon. The celebrations were somewhat diminished by the deaths of Elizabeth’s mother and sister early in the year. Here, we take a closer look at the woman at the center of it all, Queen Elizabeth II. Queen Elizabeth II's Most Glamorous Jewels and Tiaras. After Charles and Diana divorced in 1996, Diana remained incredibly popular with the British (and international) public. Educated by private tutors, with an emphasis on British history and law, the princess also studied music and learned to speak fluent French. Queen Elizabeth II asked a friend for help to stop Meghan Markle and Prince Harry's showdown talks from getting to her husband, a new book claims. At 94 years old, we take a look at some of her most stylish moments throughout the years. This was not required by British law, though some earlier monarchs had done so as well. In an instant, she had ceased to be Princess Elizabeth and became Queen Elizabeth II. Despite the risks, Elizabeth eventually joined … But those powers, says Philip Murphy, have been heavily restricted by constitutional conventions. In 1992, a year that Elizabeth referred to as the royal family’s annus horribilis, Prince Charles and his wife, Diana, princess of Wales, separated, as did Prince Andrew and his wife, Sarah, duchess of York. Elizabeth’s first grandchild (Princess Anne’s son) was born on November 15, 1977. In the first decade of her reign, Elizabeth settled into her role as queen, developing a close bond with Prime Minister Winston Churchill (the first of 13 prime ministers she would work with during her reign), weathering a foreign affairs disaster in the Suez Crisis of 1956 and making numerous state trips abroad. She and her sister once partied incognito in the streets of London. Princess Elizabeth accompanied by her nurse in Hyde Park, London. 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