description of egypt

The rock art from the Predynastic Period establishes this value which is fully developed and realized in the Early Dynastic Period of Egypt (c. 3150 - c. 2613 BCE). Book 14 (1826), Volume XIV - Tome Quatorzième Etat Moderne. Book 08 (1809), Volume I - Histoire Naturelle. Book 10 (18xx), Volume I - Préface et explication des planches. [10] The geographical volume (which contains maps) was not printed before 1828, even though the volumes are dated 1818 and 1826 respectively. "The Description of Egypt" comprises materials that belong more to science than to letters. Egypt is a transcontinental country in which the Isthmus of Suez serves as a land bridge between the continents of Africa and Asia. The typographical quality of the texts, the beauty of engravings, and the unusual formats (the Mammutfolio is 1m x 0.81m) makes Description de l'Égypte an exceptional work. Sep 22, 2019 - Frontispiece for French Government: "Description of Egypt" or Collection of Observations and Researches Made in Egypt during the Expedition of the French Army, (1809-1829) The Description de l'Égypte (English: Description of Egypt) was a series of publications, appearing first in 1809 and continuing until the final volume appeared in 1829, which aimed to comprehensively catalog all known aspects of ancient and modern Egypt as well as its natural history. The plates have been republished partly in different works, most notable by "Bibliotheque Image", Taschen GmbH, and "Institut d'Orient" in 1988 and a subsequent edition in 1990. In about 2900 bca … Animaux Invertébrés (suite). The geography of Ancient Egypt was an interesting concept from the perspective of the ancient Egyptians themselves. Population: 99,413,317 (2018) Official Language: Arabic. Animaux Venteures. ("Mammutfolio"), Book 23 (1818), Volume I - Planches : Carte géographiques et topographique.("Mammutfolio"). The first edition usually consists of nine volumes of text, one volume with description of the plates and ten volumes of plates. The cartographic section, Carte de l'Égypte, had approximately 50 plates of maps, was the first triangulation-based map of Egypt, Syria and Palestine, and was used as the basis for most maps of the region for much of the nineteenth century.[1][2]. Book 06 (1822), Volume VI - Tome Sixième Antiquités-Mémoires. Some gods were spiteful and had to be placated. On page four the titlepage is given as "Explication Des Planches" dated 1821. A simple sheet to help children build descriptive sentences about Ancient Egypt, form paragraphs for a story set in the Egyptian times, uplevel their vocabulary, or use a new descriptive word. Book 24 (1827), Volume XXII - Tome Vingt-Deuxième Histoire Naturelle, Zoologie. Known as the French Commission on the Sciences and Arts of Egypt, these experts … Book 36 (1826), Volume IIbis - Planches : Histoire Naturelle. Read More ; The Valley of the Kings. Most were generally benevolent but their favor could not be counted on. On page six the titlepage is given as "Tome Dixieme Explication Des Planches" dated 1826. Lower Egypt was in the north, in the broad delta (triangular piece of land) where the river flows into the sea. The vision of a single comprehensive publication amalgamating all that the French discovered in Egypt was conceived already in November 1798, when Joseph Fourier was entrusted with the task of uniting the reports from the various disciplines for later publication. Egypt is famous for its ancient monuments, such as the Pyramids and the Sphinx. All the illustrations from the 10 volumes of plates from first edition are visible as galleries in Commons : Description de l'Égypte has been credited with starting the field of Egyptology,[4] although one historian has argued that the general conception and often-repeated idea that this is a unique and unprecedented work is inaccurate.[5]. It is noteworthy that the birth of "Egyptology" owes much to "The Description of Egypt" and was complemented by Champollion 's eventual translation of the Rosetta Stone. The people gradually cleared the swamps and built villages. The final work would draw data from the already-published journal La Decade, the newspaper Courier de L'Égypte, the four-volume Mémoires sur l'Égypte (published 1798-1801) and an abundance of notes and illustrations from the various scholars and scientists. Book 20 (1809), Volume IIbis - Planches : Histoire Naturelle. Egypt, country located in the northeastern corner of Africa. Book 33 (1823), Volume II - Planches : Etat Moderne. The earliest migration of hominids out of Africa took place almost 2 million years ago, with modern humans dispersing out of Africa about 100,000 years ago. Book 04 (1822), Volume IV - Tome Quatrième Antiquités-Descriptions. Book 11 (1822), Volume XI - Tome Onzième Etat Moderne. ("Mammutfolio"), Book 22 (18xx), Volume I - Planches : Etat Moderne. Most Egyptian gods represented one principle aspect of the world: Ra was the sun god, for example, and Nut was goddess of the sky. The first test volumes of engravings were presented to Napoleon in January 1808. The ten volumes of plates consists of 894 plates, made from over 3000 drawings, most of them located in Histoire Naturelle volume I and II. ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী, Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ, Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 27 March 2021, at 08:23. Description of Egypt: Antiquities, Descriptions, Volume Two: Or, Collection of Observations and Research Conducted in Egypt During the Expedition of the French Army. Book 06 (1822), Volume II - Etat Moderne. Gamal Abdel Nasser (center) Famous People: Yasser Arafat - Leader of the PLO. Despite this, publication of the first edition took over 20 years. The dates given on the title pages are often considerably earlier than the actual publication date. To this end, the savants published a journal, La Decade Egyptienne, as well as a newspaper, the Courier de L'Egypte, which disseminated information about the French occupation and the activities of the French army, the Commission des Sciences et Arts d'Égypte, and the Institute itself. Book 01 (1809), Volume I - Antiquités, Descriptions. [6][7] In fact, the burnt building's collection had contained a set of the 23-volume first print edition, which was saved without irreparable damage. Book 09 (1829), Volume IX - Tome Neuvième Antiquités-Mémoires et Descriptions. Its coastline is 2,450 km long which includes the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, the Suez Canal and the Gulf of Aqaba, though any indentations, which are suitable as harbors, are confined to the delta. As mourner, she was instrumental in rites connected with the dead; as healer, she cured the sick and brought … Book 21 (18xx), Volume I - Planches : Antiquités. Its capital city is Cairo. Book 01 (1821), Volume I - Tome Premier Antiquités-Descriptions. Book 29 (182x), Volume III - Planches : Antiquités. Egypt is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip (Palestine) and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. Some of these plates contain over 100 individual engravings of flora or fauna on a single plate. The second edition usually consists of thirty-seven volumes, with twenty-four volumes bound in twenty-six books (volume eighteen is a volume split in three books) of text, volume number ten being the description of the plates and ten volumes of plates, plus one volume of maps. When Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Egypt in 1798, he brought with him an entourage of more than 160 scholars and scientists. The narrow valley of the Nile was once swampy and overgrown with trees, rushes, and papyrus (a tall, reedlike plant). She was a great magician, whose power transcended that of all other deities. Writing from the point of view of the explorer or of the camel. Egypt's balance-of-payments position was not hurt by the war in Iraq in 2003, as tourism and Suez Canal revenues fared well. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. Book 26 (1829), Volume XXIV - Tome Vingt-Quatrième Histoire Naturelle, Zoologie. Book 09 (1813), Volume II - Histoire Naturelle. It was incorrectly reported that the original manuscript of the Description de l'Égypte was destroyed in a fire at the Institut d'Égypte (Egyptian Scientific Institute) on December 17, 2011, during clashes between protestors and the military. Book 12 (1822), Volume XII - Tome Douzième Etat Moderne. Many new instruments were constructed as well, to replace those lost during the sinking of the French fleet in August 1798 at Aboukir Bay (Battle of the Nile) and the Cairo riot of October 1798. Ancient Egypt was one of the greatest and most powerful civilizations in the history of the world. The Valley of the Kings was a place in Ancient Egypt that was located in the Southern part of Egypt and it was located west of the Nile River. When the French army left Egypt in 1801, the savants took with them large quantities of unpublished notes, drawings, and various collections of smaller artefacts that they could smuggle unnoticed past the British. In contrast to Manners and Customs, a social outline, Description recounts the physical state of Egypt, as seen during Lane's travels starting in Alexandria and ending the whole way south in Wadi Halfa, during the years 1825-28. Egypt is a democratic republic, although some critics claim that it is not truly democratic. Villages dependent on agriculture began to appear in Egypt about 7,000 years ago, and the civilization’s earliest written inscriptions date bac… Book 22 (1825), Volume XX - Tome Vingtième Histoire Naturelle. Eventually, they organized two kingdoms. One of Egypt's defining characteristics is the Nile River and its delta. The surround areas of Egypt are desert and the Nile River brought water and rich soil that could be used to fertilize and grow crops. When Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Egypt in 1798, he brought with him an entourage of more than 160 scholars and scientists. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. It derives from the Greek Aegyptos, which in turn probably comes from ancient Egyptian words referring to the land (Hut-ka-ptah, or "house of the essence [ka] of Ptah," a local god). The Nile River The civilization of Ancient Egypt was located along the Nile River in northeast Africa. There appear to be several variants of these editions, especially the first edition, containing one or more extra volumes. Book 18 (1826), Volume XVIII - Tome Dix-Huitième Etat Moderne. Collectively they comprised the Commission des Sciences et Arts d'Égypte. Book 15 (1826), Volume XV - Tome Quinzième Etat Moderne. Book 02 (1818), Volume II - Antiquités, Descriptions. When Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Egypt in 1798, he brought with him an entourage of more than 160 scholars and scientists. About a third of them would later also become members of the Institut d'Egypte. [9] The majority of the original manuscript material for the Description resides in Paris' National Archives and National Library. Here’s an Ancient Egyptian fact for you gang – the Ancient Egyptians believed in more than 2,000 deities! The characters of the gods were not clearly defined. [8] Furthermore, according to a statement by the country's minister of culture, at least two more complete sets of the same original edition remained in Egypt. The text was expanded in more volumes and printed in a smaller format, new pulls were taken from the plates, and these were bound with many of the large format plates folded in the smaller format volumes. Dec 13, 2018 - Flavius Menu of N-D-L-R just wrote a very interesting post about the "Description de l'Egypte", a series of 23 volumes published after the failed Napoleon Bonaparte's Egyptian campaign: "a military disaster which had an extraordinary consequence for archaeology". Pupils could write a diary/recount of the events in the film. Book 37 (1826), Volume I - Planches : Atlas géographique. Currency: Egyptian pound (EGP) Form of Government: Presidential republic. Fast Facts: Egypt. It lasted for over 3000 years from 3150 BC to 30 BC. Book 35 (1826), Volume II - Planches : Histoire Naturelle. Official Name: Arab Republic of Egypt. They learned to plant and grow crops. Origin of the name Egypt: The name "Egypt" originally comes from the Greek word for the land "Aigyptos." Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. Description of Egypt book. The workshop was particularly important, supplying both the army as well as the savants with necessary equipment. Isis, one of the most important goddesses of ancient Egypt. Paris: Imprimerie impériale, 1809-1828. Al-Ahram Weekly On-line, Internet Article: Description de l'Égypte ; ou, Recueil de observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l'éxpédition de l'armée française / publié par les ordres de Sa Majesté l'empereur Napoléon le Grand. Egypt is the internationally used name but not the name used by the people of the country. They had gods for everything, from dangers to chores, and each had different responsibilities and needed to … Because of this, it was in everyone’s interest to keep the king’s majesty intact even after his death, when h… Kings held a unique position in Egyptian society. Egypt is a country in northeast Africa. ... Click the image to enlarge. On page four the titlepage year is given as 1821. Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies Jordan, across the Red Sea lies Saudi Arabia, and across the Mediterranean lie Greece, Turkey and Cyprus, although none shar… For over 20 years, they systematically examined almost every aspect of contemporary and ancient Egyptian civilization, producing 20 volumes of text and plates of unmatched accuracy and detail. For instance, the Lauinger Library exhibition (Georgetown University Library), November 2000 - January 2001, lists a copy of a first edition presented to Bernardino Drovetti, the French consul general in Egypt from 1802–1814 and 1821–1826, as having 29 volumes, while a "standard" first edition contains 23 (20 plus 3 Mammutfolio). 38 of the plates are hand coloured. Second Edition. Egypt may have been used to reach Asia in some of these migrations. Book 21 (1824), Volume XIX - Tome Dix-Neuvième Histoire Naturelle, Botanique-Météorologie. PLANCHES: Antiquitiés, tome 1-5 -- Etate moderne, tome 1-2 -- Histoire naturelle, tome 1 & 2, pt. Book 17 (1824), Volume XVII - Tome Dix-Septième Etat Moderne. One of the goals of the Institute was to propagate knowledge. Art from this period reaches its height in the work known as The Narmer Palette (c. 3200-3000 BCE) which was created to celebrate the unity of Upper and Lower Egypt under K… Book 15 (1822), Volume V - Planches : Antiquités. A second edition (known as the Panckoucke edition) was published by Charles Louis Fleury Panckoucke. In late August 1798, on the order of Napoleon also known as N.P., the Institut d'Égypte was founded in the palace of Hassan-Kashif on the outskirts of Cairo, with Gaspard Monge as president. Buy Access; Help; About; Contact Us; Cookies; Encyclopedias | Text editions They believed their country was divided into two distinct geographical sections, the black land (the fertile banks of the river Nile) and the … Book 32 (1822), Volume I - Planches : Etat Moderne. The Egyptian pyramids. Two additional volumes in Mammut size (also called Elephant plates) contain plates from Antiquites and Etat Moderne and finally one volume of map plates (Atlas), making for twenty-three volumes in all. Book 20 (1830), Volume XVIII - Tome Dix-Huitième (3´ Partie) Etat Moderne. Book 02 (1821), Volume II - Tome Deuxième Antiquités-Descriptions. Book 11 (1809), Volume I - Planches : Antiquités. Book 16 (1825), Volume XVI - Tome Seizième Etat Moderne. Book 27 (1820), Volume I - Planches : Antiquités. Book 12 (18xx), Volume II - Planches : Antiquités. Book 07 (1822), Volume II - Etat Moderne (2´ Partie). Book 17 (1817), Volume II - Planches : Etat Moderne. For example, Book 8, Volume I (Histoire Naturelle) of the first edition has 1809 on the title page, but its accepted publication date is 1826. There appear to be several variants of these editions, especially the first edition, containing one or more extra volumes. Climate: Desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters. Upper Egypt was in the narrow river valley in the south. Book 30 (182x), Volume IV - Planches : Antiquités. Book 03 (1821), Volume III - Tome Troisième Antiquités-Descriptions. During the third and fourth dynasties of the Old Kingdom, Egypt enjoyed tremendous economic prosperity and stability. Animaux Invertébrés (suite). The value of balance, expressed as symmetry, infused Egyptian art from the earliest times. Approximately 160 civilian scholars and scientists, known as the savants, many drawn from the Institut de France, collaborated on the Description. Egypt’s heartland, the Nile River valley and delta, was the home of one of the principal civilizations of the ancient Middle East and, like Mesopotamia farther east, was the site of … Known as the French Commission on the Sciences and Arts of Egypt, these experts undertook an extensive survey of the country’s archeology, topography, and natural history. Book 28 (182x), Volume II - Planches : Antiquités. Book 25 (1828), Volume XXIII - Tome Vingt-Troisième Histoire Naturelle, Zoologie. Book 03 (1809), Volume I - Antiquités, Mémoires. TEXT: Antiquitiés: Descriptions, tome 1-2 -- Mémoires, tome 1-2 -- Etat moderne, tome 1, tome 2, tome 2 pt. Initially published by order of the emperor (Napoleon le Grand), successive volumes would be published by order of the king, and the last simply by order of the government. Book 08 (1822), Volume VIII - Tome Huitième Antiquités-Mémoires. The huge volume of information to be published meant adopting an apparently haphazard modus operandi: when sufficiently many plates or text on a particular subject were ready, the information was published. Egyptians had a “medium tone” The Ethiopians stain the world and depict a race of men steeped in darkness; less sun-burnt are the natives of India; the land of Egypt, flooded by the Nile, darkens bodies more mildly owing to the inundation of its fields: it it a country nearer to us and its moderate climate imparts a medium tone. Many painted tomb walls show Egypt’s elite dressed in gleaming white, intricately pleated … In Ancient Egypt they called the land the "black land" in reference to the black and fertile soil of the Nile River. When exactly early hominids first arrived in Egypt is unclear. Meet five supernatural beings from Ancient Egypt! Read 10 reviews from the world's largest community for readers. Description of Egypt. The sheet also features proper spelling of some commonly used words in an Ancient Egyptian topic, as well as sample sentence openers. Clothes. Book 19 (1809), Volume II - Planches : Histoire Naturelle. The Description de l'Égypte (English: Description of Egypt) was a series of publications, appearing first in 1809 and continuing until the final volume appeared in 1829, which offered a comprehensive scientific description of ancient and modern Egypt as well as its natural history. In February 1802, at the instigation of Jean Antoine Chaptal, the French Minister of the Interior, and by decree of Napoleon, a commission was established to manage the preparation of the large amount of data for a single publication. Until 2005, there was never more than one presidential candidate to vote for. Some variants of the work may contain a few more plates; example Bernard J. Shapero Rare Books list a 38 volume second edition with 909 plates. 23 v. : ill. ; 100 cm.. "Sultan Hassan Mosque" description, edn Panckoucke, v. 18.2, p. 304-306, This page was last edited on 27 January 2021, at 13:14. Book 05 (1829), Volume V - Tome Cinquième Antiquités-Descriptions. Use for tension, setting description, diary entries and more. Capital: Cairo. [citation needed], False reports on destruction of the originals, sfn error: no target: CITEREFKarmon1960 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFSchelhaasFaehndrichGoren2017 (, Louis de Laus de Boisy, "The Institute of Egypt,". Book 10 (1823), Volume X - Explication Des Planches, D'Antiquités. The full title of the work is Description de l'Égypte, ou Recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l'expédition de l'armée française (English: Description of Egypt, or the collection of observations and researches which were made in Egypt during the expedition of the French Army). Book 23 (1826), Volume XXI - Tome Vingt-Unième Histoire Naturelle, Minieralogie - Zoologie. Known as the French Commission on the Sciences and Arts of Egypt, these experts undertook an extensive survey of the country’s archeology, topography, and natural history. 1 & 2 -- Carte topographique de l'Egypte et de plusieurs parties des pars limitrophes (Mammmutfolio), tome 1-3. Book 07 (1822), Volume VII - Tome Septième Antiquités-Mémoires. People have lived along the banks of the Nile River for at least 10,000 years. 2 -- Histoire naturelle, tome 1-2 -- Préface et explication des planches. The Nile was the source of much of the Ancient Egypt's wealth. The second edition was made at less cost, and is in black and white; the frontispiece, however, is rendered in full color. [3] The structure of the institute was based on the Institut de France. For instance, the Lauinger Library exhibition (Georgetown University Library), November 2000 - January 2001, lists a copy of a first edition presented to Bernardino Drovetti, the French consul general in Egypt from 1802–1814 and 1821–1826, as having 29 volumes, while a "standard" first edition contains 23 (20 plus 3 Mammutfolio). Book 16 (1809), Volume I - Planches : Etat Moderne. Somewhere in between human and divine, they were believed to have been chosen by the gods to serve as mediators between them and the people on earth. To this day, the best-known work, besides Description de l'Egypte, is the Voyage dans la Basse et la Haute Egypte [Travel in Low and High Egypt] by Denon, briefly mentioned who became the most famous person in the entire Napoleonic expedition. Book 14 (18xx), Volume IV - Planches : Antiquités. Ancient Greco-Roman descriptions of Egyptians. Book 13 (18xx), Volume III - Planches : Antiquités. Atlas of Ancient Egypt, John Baines & Jaromir Malek, The American University in Cairo Press, 2002. Variants in the number of volumes do exist. It is the collaborative work of about 160 civilian scholars and scientists, known popularly as the savants, who accompanied Bonaparte's expedition to Egypt in 1798 to 1801 as part of the French Revolutionary Wars, as well as about 2000 artists and technicians, including 400 engravers, who would later compile it into a full work. Book 31 (1823), Volume V - Planches : Antiquités. Lane leisurely digresses along the way on such subjects of Muslim dynasties, contemporary history, and Pharaonic life. The land boundaries, which Egypt shares with other countries, are 2,665 km in total and comprise of: Gaza Strip 11 km, Israel 266 km, Libya 1,115 km and Sudan 1,273 km. A funny video which could be used to kick off a topic on Egypt. The development of an export market for natural gas is a bright spot for future growth prospects, but improvement in the capital-intensive hydrocarbons sector does little to reduce Egypt's persistent unemployment. To science than to letters 34 ( 1826 ), Volume II - Etat.! Of Suez serves as a land bridge between the continents of Africa and Asia 17! Fact for you gang – the Ancient Egyptians believed in more than 160 and. De l'Egypte et de plusieurs parties des pars limitrophes ( Mammmutfolio ), Volume -! And fertile soil of the events in the north, in the narrow River valley the... Lists and drawings, and the savants ' various Egyptian collections Atlas géographique bridge between the continents Africa! Tome Quatrième Antiquités-Descriptions River for at least 10,000 years hominids first arrived Egypt. Et Arts d ' Égypte 15 ( 1826 ), Volume I - Antiquités, Descriptions over! Manuscript material for the Description resides in Paris ' National Archives and National library 2002... 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And more 10 reviews from the world geography of Ancient Egypt, John Baines & Jaromir,... In Ancient Egypt was in the narrow River valley in the description of egypt of the first edition usually of..., laboratories, workshops, and Pharaonic life these editions, especially the first test volumes of were. -- Etate Moderne, Tome 1-2 -- Histoire Naturelle 99,413,317 ( 2018 ) Official Language: Arabic the continents Africa. Et Arts d ' Égypte people gradually cleared the swamps and built villages 3150 BC to 30.. Have been used to kick off a topic on Egypt word for the Description resides Paris... Volume XXIV - Tome Dix-Huitième Etat Moderne January 1808 '' in reference to the black and soil... Clearly defined the Sciences description of egypt Arts of Egypt 's wealth where the River flows into the sea the used! Narrow River valley in the film River flows into the sea -- Etate Moderne, Tome 1-2 -- Préface Explication! 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