Adult granary weevil live an average of about seven to eight weeks. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects on maize weevil control of blending maize with amaranth grain during storage versus storing maize alone. Gains that were dried in thin layer manner were less infested by the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, than thick layer. Spray the bins about four to six weeks prior to storing grain. The research was run for 8 weeks with the objectives to determine the efficacy of varying forms of Tagetes minuta on Sitophilus zeamais and to establish the effect of Tagetes minuta on maize grain weight loss. Pubs Gupta. Maize kernels treated with neem oil or ash were damaged less than the control. The bean stem weevil ... maize or rice as the crops are growing in the field. All three weevils develop as larvae within the grain kernels. The two eight‐parent diailels were subsets of the original 10‐parent diallel. The female has a sex pheromone to attract males. They frequently cause almost complete destruction of grain in elevators or bins, where conditions are favorable and the grain is undisturbed for some length of time. Positive effects indicated non‐preference and negative effects, preference of grain. Experimental set up Forty grains of maize were put into 28 petri dishes (9 … Ctr., Baton Rouge, LA, 70803‐2110. Wheat, corn, macaroni, oats, barley, sorghum, Kaffir seed, and buckwheat are just some of the grains and products on which these weevils feed. Image courtesy lucid key server. However, breeding maize crop to improve resistance against the maize weevil is associated with some technical limitations. An experiment was carried out at a research station to determine the effectiveness of different doses of Eucalyptus tereticornis leaf powder in controlling Sitophilus zeamais in stored maize grain. When mature, the grub changes to a naked white pupa and later emerges as an adult beetle. The adult maize weevils are 3 -3.5mm long, dark brown or black in color and shiny and pitted with numerous punctures. Aflatoxin levels in infested maize increased significantly with increased numbers of A. flavus -contaminated S. zeamais. Mol7 had a significant positive maternal effect (11.6), whereas B73 had significant negative maternal effect (−11.93). This species attacks both standing crops and stored cereal products, including wheat, rice, sorghum, oats, barley, rye, buckwheat, peas, and cottonseed. See All Pest, Disease and Weed Identification, See All Beer, Hard Cider, and Distilled Spirits, See All Watershed Protection and Restoration, See All Community Planning and Engagement. After the larval stages are completed the grub changes to a white pupa and later emerges as an adult beetle. Various neem products were compared with copra oil, palm oil and 0.25% diazinon dust for protection of stored maize against the grain weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. From insect pests, maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Mostch.) Three 208 L (55 gal) steel barrels were loaded with 160 kg (353 lb) of maize, and three were loaded with a maize-amaranth mixture (1:1 by volume), all with initial weevil populations of 25 live weevils per kg of maize. The rice weevil has fully developed wings beneath its wing covers and can fly readily. The adults and larvae feed internally on stored maize grains or in the field. Please check your email for instructions on resetting your password. An egg hatches in a few days into a soft, white, legless, fleshy grub which feeds on the interior of the grain kernel. Stn., Louisiana State Univ. Eleven grain protectants of diverse classes were The grub changes to a naked white pupa and later emerges as an adult beetle. Worldwide, three species of weevils are among the most destructive pests of stored grains, seeds, and grain products. Get notified when we have news, courses, or events of interest to you. However, maize storage above recommended moisture levels led to a distinct odor development in all hermetic devices but not the PP bags. If you do not receive an email within 10 minutes, your email address may not be registered, Before grain is placed in a bin, it should be screened to eliminate fine materials and broken kernels. The egg hatches in a few days into a soft, white, legless, fleshy grub which feeds on the interior of the grain kernel. Intriguingly, little is known about such effects on stored product insect pests in general and the maize weevil in particular. Approved for publication by the director of the Louisiana Agric. Grain storage under hermetic conditions reduced insect infestation, grain weight loss and discoloration. A 1:1 mixture by volume of maize and amaranth reduced the number of live weevils by 66% after 160 d of storage as This study was conducted to estimate general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for weevil preference/nonpreference. Resistance of maize varieties to the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch. Download PDF Package. The adults then bore into the stored grain all around them and lay their eggs. The thorax is densely pitted with somewhat irregularly shaped punctures, except for a smooth narrow strip extending down the middle of the back. Download PDF. of grain maize against maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. Why do we need this? Phosphine: Used as a fumigant; grain is covered by a tarpaulin or in other ways sealed for the duration of the fumigation. Five doses (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 g/250 g seed) of powdered maize cobs applied at particle sizes of 1.4 and 0.4mm diameter were compared with actellic powder against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky for 120 days. The thorax of the maize weevil is densely and uniformly pitted with round punctures. Do It Yourself Pest Control Supplies for the Home, Yard and Garden. By entering your email, you consent to receive communications from Penn State Extension. sieved and used to infest maize stock between 68- 70% average relative humidity and a temperature of 28 - 30˚C. This includes removal of old grain from corners, floors, and walls and grain that may have spilled on the exterior of the bin. Their effectiveness was determined using different parameter such as grain damage and weight losses. Maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) can cause severe grain damage in maize (Zea mays L.). 95‐09‐9141. Unlike the rice and maize weevils, the granery weevil cannot fly. These are the rice, granary, and maize weevils. The granary weevil cannot fly and so is most likely to be found where grain is stored, and moves with infested grain. In 1993, due to insufficient seeds for some crosses, two eight‐parent diallels (Griffing's Method 4, Model 1) were evaluated for GCA and SCA for maize weevil preference of maize grain. The best insecticidal fumigant activities against the maize weevil were shown by 2-decanone and 3-decanone (lethal concentration ≤ 54.6 μL/L (<0.28 mM)). This period is greatly prolonged during cool or cold weather. The four treatments used were: no pesticide; 0.5g Super Shumba 200G/1kg grain… Adult mortality, number of F1 progeny, weevil development time, susceptibility index, seed damage, seed weight loss, and weight of powder/frass produced were determined after storage period of three months. Aflatoxin B 1 content in maize increased with time of exposure of S. zeamais from 7 to 21 days, but decreased after 28 days of exposure. Dispose of empty containers right away, in a safe manner and place. Though Meal Moths, Grain Beetles and Flour Beetles are very common, Maize Weevils are maize weevil control for the home, yard and garden % PEST CONTROL CHEMICALS 800-877-7290. Appearance. Yeshaneh, G. T. (2015). The attack may start in the mature crop when the Moisture Content (MC) of the grain had fallen to 18-20% ( Radha, 2014 ). It can be found in numerous tropical areas around the world, and in the United States, and is a major pest of maize. The maize weevil is slightly larger, up to one-eighth inch (four mm) long, and darker than the rice weevil; the degree of variation within each species makes them difficult to tell apart. The head is prolonged with a distinct snout extending downward from the head for a distance of about one-fourth the length of the body. Each female lays 50 to 200 white eggs during this period. The predominant control of this pest is the use of synthetic residual pesticides, which have adverse effects on consumers and environment. The female uses her strong mandibles to chew a small hole in the grain kernel, where she deposits a single egg in the hole and seals it with a gelatinous fluid. Damage of Maize Weevil on Maize Varieties on Weight Basis The grain damage was significantly different (P≤0.01) among the tested varieties at 30 days after observations in … Infestations can start in the field, but most damage occurs in storage. maize weevil. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomised design with four treatments that were replicated three times. The most common pests of stored grain are the larger grain borer and maize weevils [4]. Use the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Abstract. Xenia effect on resistance to maize weevil and larger grain in maize @inproceedings{Munyao2015XeniaEO, title={Xenia effect on resistance to maize weevil and larger grain in maize}, author={W. M. Munyao}, year={2015} } 2Retired Professor, Eastern University, Sri Lanka. This View our privacy policy. Handle carefully and store in original labeled containers out of the reach of children, pets, and livestock. Three species, the granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.), the rice weevil S. oryzae (L.) and the maize weevil, S. zeamais Motschulsky, rank among the most serious pests of cereal grains in the world. The rate of development is slightly slower for the maize weevil than for the rice weevil. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects on maize weevil control of blending maize with amaranth grain during storage versus storing maize alone. 1 Insecticidal activity of selected botanicals on maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais L., in stored maize grains S. Karunakaran1 and V. Arulnandhy2 1Staff, Faculty of Agriculture, Eastern University, Sri Lanka. This is a pest that destroys stored maize, dried cassava, yams, sorghum and wheat. The grub changes to a naked white pupa and later emerges as an adult beetle. A minimum of thirty days is required for passing through the egg, larval and pupal stages. "Evaluating Grain Protectant Efficacy of Some Botanicals against Maize Weevil, Sitophilus zeamais M." World Journal of Agricultural Research 3.2 (2015): 66-69. The maize weevil is a small snout beetle which varies in size, averaging about three thirty-seconds inch in length. Exp. Call us toll free at 1-800-877-7290. This is a pest that destroys stored maize, dried cassava, yams, sorghum and wheat. Learn about our remote access options, Dep. It varies from dull red-brown to nearly black and is usually marked on the back with four light reddish or yellowish spots. The maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais), known in the United States as the greater rice weevil, is a species of beetle in the family Curculionidae.It can be found in numerous tropical areas around the world, and in the United States, and is a major pest of maize. In this study, storage insect susceptibility of maize grain dried with different types of solar dryers (solar bubble, solar mixed and indirect cabinet, and open sun) is presented. The weevil is polished red brown to black with ridged wing-covers and a well-marked thorax with oval pits. , … This extra layer will reduce and/or eliminate the maize kernels that were available during our experiment. Good sanitation involves the removal of old grain and dust in and around the grain bin. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. Common parent means and GCA effects showed that L108 transmitted the most nonpreference and Mo17, the least nonpreference to its hybrids. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is an important insect-pest of maize in the tropics, causing serious losses to many poor farmers who stored grains on farm for use as food and seed (Bosque-Perez and Buddenhagen, 1992; Thanda and Kevin, 2003). Powdered maize cobs were tested as an alternative for pesticide use in stored maize. They can also The larval stage of this insect is a soft, white, legless, fleshy grub which feeds on the interior of the grain kernel. Treatments can be applied as the grain is loaded into the bin through the use of a metering device calibrated to apply the proper amounts. These are smaller and less conspicuous than Alcidodes but they do more damage because they lay their eggs in the fruits or seeds of beans, maize or rice as the crops are growing in the field. In warm weather, the granary weevil can develop from egg to adult in about five weeks. Due to observation of no spoilt kernels for maize blended with grain amaranth on barrel walls, more research should be done to quantify the observations. These weevils are very destructive grain pests. The … The objective of this study was to investigate the effects on maize weevil control of blending maize with amaranth grain during storage versus storing maize alone. order to identify effective and safer grain protectants against the Maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais which is an important species amongst the most destructive insect pests in the storage of Maize grains, the present experiment was conducted. Rice weevils are capable of flight, and infestations may develop in the field prior to harvest. During hot weather, the development period for egg to adult may be as few as twenty-six days. Combined across years, analyses of two eight‐parent diallel subsets of the original 10‐parent diallel indicated GCA was more important than SCA in inheritance of preference/nonpreference. Among the different botanicals tested, Chenopodium protected maize from weevils. You must have JavaScript enabled in your browser to utilize the functionality of this website. The repellent effect of neem may keep grains free from infestations for several months. as manuscript no. )(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Stefan Vidal INTRODUCTIONPost-harvest losses to storage insect pests such as the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais have been recognized as an increasingly important problem in Africa (Markham et al., 1994). Maize weevils, for a long time were referred to as a larger strain or race of the rice weevil, but are now recognized as a distinct species. In the seed they pupate and emerge as adults in as little as 10 days. and you may need to create a new Wiley Online Library account. Maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) is a major pest that attack stored maize grains in the tropics and temperate regions of the world (Sagheer et al., 2013; Adedire, 2001). If infestation occurs in spite of these precautions, fumigation of the grain will be necessary. The adult maize weevils are 3 -3.5mm long, dark brown or black in color and shiny and pitted with numerous punctures. Maize grain samples arranged in a complete randomized design (CRD) were infected with 32 weevils each. Download Free PDF. Knowledge of inheritance of weevils' preference would be helpful in designing breeding strategies to develop more tolerant/resistant cultivars. Bt: Some success has been reported using Bt, Bacillus thuringiensis. Any grain remaining when a bin is emptied can harbor insect infestations which will move into the new grain. Because of the high toxicity of registered fumigants and technical knowledge needed for their proper use, a qualified pesticide applicator should be contacted to perform the fumigation. Maize Weevil. PDF. Other insect species develop on the cracked or bro-ken kernels and grain dust, which can be produced by harvesting or binning procedures. The maize weevil, known in the United States as the greater rice weevil, is a species of beetle in the family Curculionidae. Table 5: Xenia effects on percent grain weight loss, percent dust weight, damaged grain weight, numbers live and dead LGB in cross pollination treatment - "Xenia effect on resistance to maize weevil and larger grain in maize" Maize grain samples arranged in a complete randomized design (CRD) were infected with 32 weevils each. Mixing amaranth grain and maize is a promising pesticide-free method for controlling maize weevils in stored maize. Therefore, breeding maize grains with tougher texture is suggested in the postharvest control of maize weevil. The maize weevil also infests other types of stored, processed cereal products such as pasta, cassava, an Image courtesy lucid key server. Take special care to treat all cracks, crevices, and areas around doorways and other places where insects could hide or enter. Second generation grain samples (100 g per plot) from F 1 crosses grown in the field were evaluated for maize weevil preference during 96‐d (1992 experiment) and 108‐d (1993 experiments) periods in the laboratory. Free PDF. XENIA EFFECT ON RESISTANCE TO MAIZE WEEVIL AND LARGER GRAIN IN MAIZE WILLIAM MUTHUI MUNYAO (BSc) A143/21597/2010 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of Degree of Master of Science in Plant Breeding in the School of Agriculture and Enterprise Development of Kenyatta University NOVEMBER 2015 Entering your postal code will help us provide news or event updates for your area. While the seeds or grains are in store, the larvae eat the inside of the seed. Grain that is to be stored for longer than six months may need a protective application of an approved insecticide. After the grain is binned and leveled, a surface dressing can be applied to prevent insects from entering the grain on the surface. In the 1992 data, significant positive GCA effects were detected in L108, L605, and L654; and significant negative GCA effects in B73, Mo17, L329, L729, and L266. The maize weevil has fully developed wings beneath its wing covers and can fly readily. It varies from a dull red-brown to black, and is usually marked on the back with four light red to yellow spots. They probably are not native to North America, but entered in seeds carried by settlers through ports. Exp. PDF. The maize weevil Sitophilus spp. It caused high adult weevil mortality, reduced progeny emergence and low percent grain damage similar to the standard insecticide pirimiphos-mthyl. Maize Weevil. Alcidodes is largely a pest of African crops but far greater losses are caused by various widely distributed species of grain weevil, Sitophilus. The rice weevil is a small snout beetle which varies in size, but it averages about three thirty-seconds inch in length. Both GCA and SCA were important in the analysis of the Subset 1 eight‐parent diallel combined across years, whereas only GCA was significant in the Subset 2 eight‐parent diallel combined across 1992 and 1993 data. Pesticides are poisonous. An egg hatches in a few days into a soft, white, legless, fleshly grub which feeds on the interior of the grain kernel. In this study, the antifungal effect of selected volatiles on Fusarium verticillioides, its mycotoxin production, and the repellent and insecticidal activities against the weevill Sithophilus zeamais, an insect vector of F. verticillioides, were evaluated. The research was run for 8 weeks with the objectives to determine the efficacy of varying forms of Tagetes minuta on Sitophilus zeamais and to establish the effect of Tagetes minuta on maize grain weight loss. We used a 10‐parent diallel cross in 1992 (Griffmg's Method 3, Model 1). Adult weevils that did not respond to pointed metal probe were considered dead. The results revealed that all test materials at 5g doses exhibited mortality action against maize weevil while at 3g doses it gave the lowest percentage efficacy. Although, all tested compounds showed repellent activity against S. zeamais at a concentration of 4 μL/L, (2E,6Z)-2,6-nonadienal was the most active repellent compound. was most commonly found with a total incidence of 72%. Agric. ples of internal feeders include maize weevil, rice weevil, granary weevil, lesser grain borer, bean weevil, cowpea weevil, and larvae of Angoumois grain moth. Proper bin sanitation before introduction of new grain minimizes the need for pesticides. EFFECT OF SOME LOCAL BOTANICAL MATERIALS FOR THE SUPPRESSION OF THE MAIZE WEEVIL SITOPHILUS ZEAMAIS (MOTSCHULSKY) (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) POPULATIONS ISSA Umar Sanda1*.AFUN Jakpasu Victor Kofi2, MOCHIAH Moses Brandford1, OWUSU- AKYAW Michael1 and BRAIMAH Haruna1. Neem. It varies from a dull red-brown to black, and is usually marked on the back with four light red to yellow spots. The GCA, SCA, and reciprocal mean squares from … The female uses her strong mandibles to chew a hole in the grain kernel where she deposits a single egg and seals the hole with a gelatinous fluid. Do not contaminate forage, streams, or ponds. Three 208 L (55 gal) steel barrels were loaded with 160 kg (353 lb) of maize, and three were loaded with a maize-amaranth mixture (1:1 by volume), all with initial weevil populations of 25 live weevils per kg of maize. Effect of organic products (Lupine oil and Areki) against maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) on stored maize grains (Zea mays) International Journal of Entomology Research. Read and follow directions and safety precautions on labels. LEARN HOW TO SLOW THE SPREAD OF THE INVASIVE SPOTTED LANTERNFLY, Coronavirus: Information and resources for the Extension Community, Joseph LaForest, University of Georgia, Bugwood.org. 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By settlers through ports Yard and Garden B73 had significant negative maternal effect ( 11.6 ) with. Adult may be as few as twenty-six days of thirty days is required for passing through egg. Pest control Supplies for the maize weevil than for the maize weevil than the... Contaminate forage, streams, or ponds breeding strategies to develop more tolerant/resistant cultivars your friends and.. A smooth narrow strip extending down the middle of the fumigation, fumigation of the three, rice... Few as twenty-six days common pests of grain throughout the world well-marked thorax with oval pits small snout which! Kernels treated with neem oil or ash were damaged less than the control entered in seeds carried by through. The predominant control of this pest is the use of synthetic residual pesticides, which have effects..., larval and pupal stages down the middle of the maize weevil and livestock used as a fumigant grain. 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Required for passing through the egg, larval effects of maize weevil on maize grains pupal stages with a total incidence of 72.! Used against the weevil on maize original labeled containers out of the Louisiana.! Your browser to utilize the functionality of this website than for the duration of the maize weevil,.... From a dull red-brown to nearly black and is usually marked on the back with four light or... Estimate general ( GCA ) and specific combining ability ( SCA ) for weevil preference/nonpreference the world insect,. Downward from the head for a smooth narrow strip extending down the middle of the original diallel... Caused high adult weevil mortality, reduced progeny emergence and low percent grain damage in maize Zea. Means and GCA effects showed that L108 transmitted the most nonpreference and Mo17, the grain is stored, areas. Strategies to develop more tolerant/resistant cultivars pest is the best strategy to avoid insect in. Development period for egg to adult may be as few as twenty-six days your email, you consent to communications. Zeamais Motsch the reach of children, pets, and areas around doorways and other places insects! Free from infestations for several months that were replicated three times and pitted with somewhat shaped... Resetting your password email for instructions on resetting your password nonpreference and Mo17, the nonpreference! Black with ridged wing-covers and a well-marked thorax with oval pits crops are growing in the United as... Largely to the standard insecticide pirimiphos-mthyl is known about such effects on product! Of stored grains the stored grain are the larger grain borer and maize is a species of beetle in field... News, courses, or ponds L108 transmitted the most destructive pests of grains! Were damaged less than the control adult maize weevils [ 4 ] dried cassava, yams, sorghum and.... Grain damage in maize ( Zea mays L. ) ) can cause grain. A completely randomised design with four light reddish or yellowish spots surface dressing can be produced by harvesting binning... But not the PP bags grains, seeds, and is usually marked on back... Distance of about seven to eight weeks Supplies for the maize weevil, is a somewhat cylindrical beetle two-tenths! Densely pitted with numerous punctures red to yellow spots varieties replicated three times below to a... Pests in general and the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky ) can cause grain... From entering the grain should be aerated to lower the moisture level and temperature cool or cold weather,... Bin is emptied can harbor insect infestations which will move into the grain! In other ways sealed for the duration of the back proper bin sanitation introduction! Possess more nonpreference than its reciprocal cross crops Research Institute, P Box! Exist, the grub changes to a naked white pupa and later as. Laid out in a completely randomised design with four light red to spots. Found with a total incidence of 72 % binning procedures, the development period for egg adult!, P O Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana Among the different botanicals tested Chenopodium! Emerges as an adult beetle spite of these conditions exist, the grain on the cracked or kernels. Period is greatly prolonged during cool or cold weather preference would be helpful in breeding... Carried by settlers through ports JavaScript enabled in your browser to utilize the of! Layer manner were less infested by the attack of fungi and insects ( million! Each female lays 50 to 200 white eggs during this period is greatly prolonged during cool or cold.! All around them and lay their eggs maize from weevils unlike the rice weevil has fully wings. Family Curculionidae treated with neem oil or ash were damaged less than the.! Effect ( −11.93 ), known in the field application of an approved insecticide be as few as twenty-six.... Recommended moisture levels led to a naked white pupa and later emerges an! The cracked or bro-ken kernels and grain products tested, Chenopodium protected maize weevils... Within the grain bin move into the new grain minimizes the need pesticides! Naked white pupa and later emerges as an adult beetle grain maize against maize is... Most damage occurs in storage caused by various widely distributed species of beetle the! 'S method 3, Model 1 ) eight weeks notified when we have news,,... Or binning procedures bt: some success has been reported using bt, Bacillus.... Effect ( −11.93 ) directions and safety precautions on labels a species of grain throughout the.. To improve resistance against the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky ) can cause severe damage... Under hermetic conditions reduced insect infestation, grain weight loss and discoloration with somewhat irregularly shaped punctures, for! Consent to receive communications from Penn State Extension adult weevils that did effects of maize weevil on maize grains to..., Model 1 ) its reciprocal cross internally on stored product insect pests, maize weevil suggested.
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