22. [Full Text]. [Guideline] CDC. Conjugate vaccines. Meningitis is an inflammation of the membranes (meninges) surrounding your brain and spinal cord.The swelling from meningitis typically triggers symptoms such as headache, fever and a stiff neck.Most cases of meningitis in the United States are caused by a viral infection, but bacterial, parasitic and fungal infections are other causes. Hospital admission rates for meningitis and septicaemia caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae in children in England over five decades: a population-based observational study. Medical care depends on the disease syndrome. Licensure of a Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine (Hiberix) and updated recommnedations for use of Hib vaccine. [Medline]. Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, Florida Chapter of The American Academy of Pediatrics, Florida Pediatric Society, European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases, American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Because it is a bacterial disease, the primary method of treatment for Haemophilus meningitis is anti-bacterial therapy. Consultation with a surgeon may be required in some children with invasive Hib disease. Infect Dis Clin North Am. Conjugate vaccines are made by linking a tiny fragment from the bacteria’s sugar coat, (which a child’s immune system cannot respond to), to a protein (which a child can respond to). J Infect Dis. Friesen CA, Cho CT. 30(5):941-7. 2015 May. [Medline]. 13:113-42. Historically in the developing world, it has not been recognized as a vaccine-preventable cause of serious morbidity, long-term disability, and death. MMWR. 1987 Jan-Feb. 9(1):1-15. Mobeen H Rathore, MD, CPE, FAAP, FIDSA Chief of Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases/Immunology, Associate Chairman of Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine at Jacksonville; Hospital Epidemiologist and Section Chief of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Wolfson Children's Hospital; Director of University of Florida Center for HIV/AIDS Research, Education and Service (UF CARES) [Medline]. H. influenzae meningitis is caused by Haemophilus influenzae bacteria. Mark R Schleiss, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Pediatric Society, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, Society for Pediatric ResearchDisclosure: Nothing to disclose. 2012 Jan 20. The epidemiology and prevention of disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b. Epidemiol Rev. 41(1):280-4. Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae: a review of clinical aspects, surface antigens, and the human immune response to infection. January 2009. Medical care depends on the organ system or problems involved, as follows: CNS: Lumbar puncture should be considered in a child with invasive H influenzae type b (Hib) disease. Some cases of meningitis improve without treatment in a few weeks. Murphy, TF.. “Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: the future is now”. Plotkin S, Mortimer E, eds. Dexamethasone therapy for bacterial meningitis. These are the mainstays of treatment. Ayesha Mirza, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, HIV Medicine Association, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Pediatric Infectious Diseases SocietyDisclosure: Nothing to disclose. 1994. The causative pathogen was identified as H influenzae serotype f (Hif), and was successfully … Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in infant rats after intranasal inoculation. N Engl J Med 1979; 301:122. 58:58-60. Before the Hib vaccine became available, H. influenzae was the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in children under 5 years of age. [Medline]. Nair SR, Cherubin CE, Weinstein M. Penetration of cefoxitin into cerebrospinal fluid and treatment of meningitis … Fluid and electrolyte disturbances: Seizures may be due to hyponatremia as a result of syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). [Medline]. [Medline]. 1977. Until the introduction of the Hib vaccine in 1992, this was the main form of meningitis in young children in the UK. Update on universal childhood immunizations. Characteristic features of neonatal sepsis due to Haemophilus influenzae. Meningitis: Prompt use of intravenous antibiotics and good supportive care are the mainstays of therapy. General recommendations on immunization --- recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Vaccine. Vaccines. /viewarticle/938833 Non-serotype b strains of Haemophilus influenzae are extremely rare causes of acute bacterial meningitis in immunocompetent individuals. January 2016. In this way, the immune system is able to recognise the bacteria that … St Geme JW. J Pediatr. 1992 Dec. 6(4):933-52. Haemophilus influenzae is among the most common causes of bacterial meningitis and other invasive infections in infants and young children throughout the world. Mark R Schleiss, MD Minnesota American Legion and Auxiliary Heart Research Foundation Chair of Pediatrics, Professor of Pediatrics, Division Director, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School Hiberix (Haemophilus b conjugate vaccine) [package insert]. An audiologist should evaluate all children after they receive treatment for H influenzae meningitis. Share cases and questions with Physicians on Medscape consult. [Medline]. 14(5):397-405. 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