In a unique decision, foreshadowing Emperor Diocletian ’s tetrarchy a century later, Valerian divided the kingdom into two, taking the eastern half himself and giving Gallienus the west. Not wanting to be without an assigned successor, Gallienus' next son, Saloninus, was soon given the position. We are in want of darts, of spears, and of shields. The Humanist Sept. 1999: 1. A large number of rare gold coins of Claudius have been discovered as part of the Lava Treasure in Corsica, France, in the 1980s. [9], Before coming to power, Claudius served with the Roman army, where he made a good career and secured appointment to the highest military posts. [8], The Historia Augusta makes him a member of the gens Flavia. [2], Claudius did not live long enough to fulfill his goal of reuniting all the lost territories of the empire. While besieging the insurgent general in Milan, Gallienus was murdered by his senior officers; his cavalry commander, Claudius, succeeded him as Claudius II. As the Scythians starved in the mountains or surrendered, the legions pursuing them began to see an epidemic spreading throughout the men. Although coins were never minted with the face of Odaenathus,[30] soon after his death coins were made with image of his son[31] — outstripping his authority under the emperor. In the next year, when Autun revolted, declaring itself for Claudius, the central government made no moves to support it. To those men must be added Marcus Aurelius Probus (another emperor in waiting), also of Balkan background, and from a family enfranchised in the time of Caracalla. This would keep Claudius' record of being an ancestor of Constantine from being tainted. [4] Nevertheless, most historians adhere to the first version, moreover, as the Byzantine historian of the 6th century John Malalas reports, at the time of his death Claudius was 56 years old. The Bryn Mawr Classical Review. Vaballathus, the son of Zenobia, was given this title when Zenobia claimed it for him. [23] For this he was awarded the title of "Germanicus Maximus. An obscure passage in the Historia Augusta's life of Gallienus states that he had sent an army under Aurelius Heraclianus to the region that had been annihilated by Zenobia. Insufficient resources plagued the state, as a great deal of silver was used for the antoninianus, which was again diluted.[29]. [2] Together with his cavalry commander, the future Emperor Aurelian, the Romans took thousands of prisoners, destroyed the Gothic cavalry as a force, and stormed their laager (a circular alignment of wagons long favored by the Goths). Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, while underlining indicates a usurper. Jack Oruch, "St. Valentine, Chaucer, and Spring in February", "What were the causes of the 3rd century crisis in the Roman Empire? A colleague of Antiochianus, Virius Orfitus, also the descendant of a powerful family, would continue to hold influence during his father's term as prefect. He won several victories and soon regained control of Hispania and the Rhone river valley of Gaul. [29], Generally, when a Roman commander is slaughtered it is taken as a sign that a state of war is in existence, and if we can associate the death of Heraclianus in 270, as well as an inscription from Bostra recording the rebuilding of a temple destroyed by the Palmyrene army, then these violent acts could be interpreted the same way. It is possible that the thin line between office and the status that accompanied it were dismissed in the Palmyrene court, especially when the circumstance worked against the interests of a regime that was able to defeat Persia, which a number of Roman emperors had failed to do. However, his story is riddled with fabrications and obsequious praises. Several developments during Gallienus’ reign are of particular importance. When Claudius performed as a wrestler in the 250s, he supposedly knocked out the teeth of his opponent when his genitalia had been grabbed in the match. Scholars assume Gallienus' efforts were focused on Aureolus, the officer who betrayed him, and the defeat of the Herulians was left to his successor, Claudius Gothicus. Scholars assume Gallienus' efforts were focused on Aureolus, the officer who betrayed him, and the defeat of the Herulians was left to his successor, Claudius Gothicus. [33], The unreliable Historia Augusta reports Claudius and Quintillus having another brother named Crispus and through him a niece, Claudia, who reportedly married Eutropius and was mother to Constantius Chlorus. The text states that St. Valentine was beaten with clubs and finally beheaded for giving aid to Christians in Rome. The tale of his involvement in the conspiracy might be seen as at least partial justification for the murder of Aurelian himself under circumstances that seem remarkably similar to those in this story. For Zosimus, a more reasoned contemporary view shows Claudius as less grand. The removal of Claudius from the conspiracy is due to his later role as the progenitor of the house of Constantine, a fiction of Constantine's time, and may serve to guarantee that the original version from which these two accounts spring was current prior to the reign of Constantine. [28], It is still unknown why Claudius did nothing to help the city of Autun, but sources tell us his relations with Palmyra were waning in the course of 270. Weigel, Richard D. "Claudius II Gothicus (268 -270)", Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Claudius_Gothicus&oldid=976904556, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with disputed statements from July 2012, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Claudius Augustus, Curran, John R. Pagan City and Christian Capital: Rome in the Fourth Century. Marcus Aurelius Claudius was not the position itself status gained in procuring a position could be on! Placidianus, the prime conspirator was Aurelius Heraclianus, the Praetorian prefect, defeated him to. Were approaching the camp is possible Claudius gained his position and the than... 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