Fleming and Walloon, members of the two predominant cultural and linguistic groups of modern Belgium.The Flemings, who constitute more than half of the Belgian population, speak Dutch (sometimes called Netherlandic), or Belgian Dutch (also called Flemish by English-speakers), and live mainly in the north and west. INED recruits researchers, engineers and technicians by way of official competitive examinations. Flanders and Wallonia also differ with regard to mobility. 13_MNOOKIN-VERBEKE_FINAL.DOC 9/18/2009 11:05:58 AM PERSISTENT NONVIOLENT CONFLICT WITH NO RECONCILIATION: THE FLEMISH AND WALLOONS IN BELGIUM ROBERT MNOOKIN* ALAIN VERBEKE** I BYE–BYE BELGIUM? Political Psychology 31: 717–738, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2010.00782.x, Simon, B. and Klandermans, B. As predicted in Hypothesis 2a, disidentification had a negative effect on attitudes towards the Walloon (β = –.48, p < .001) and the Flemish communities (β = –.36, p = .003), but also on attitudes toward the German-speaking community (β = –.22, p = .01). Positive associations between identification with the German-speaking community and party preferences provide further support for this idea, especially with a preference for the ProDG, which aligns well with the strong relation of identification and preference for autonomy of the German-speaking community. 0000042621 00000 n Research at INED is organized around multidisciplinary and topic-focused teams made up of its own permanent researchers and associated researchers. Map of Wallonia, showing where the majority of Walloons came from. Both disidentification (β = .17, p = .03) and identification (β = .34, p < .001) were associated with preference for the German-speaking community as a distinct region in Belgium. Following the defeat of Germany in 1945, the territories again became part of Belgium, and, as a result of alleged collaboration with Nazi Germany, the Belgian and Walloon authorities attempted to de-Germanize the local population (Dewulf, 2009). The Walloon language, widespread in use up until the Second World War, has been dying out of common use due to growing internationalisation. statistics. case they are immigrants) or in France (in which case they are not In addition, we ran separate path analyses for party preferences and attitudes toward political reform. (1999). 0000003124 00000 n All participants were residents of Eupen. with French nationality and immigrants, who are born with a Research has shown that patriotism, which is a positive attitude toward one’s own country, is either negatively or not at all associated with the derogation of outgroups such as foreigners. are coded. Nearly 250 people, including 50 tenured, or permanent, researchers and more than 40 doctoral students, work at INED; there are also 40 associate researchers. Because INED is a public organization, its staff and permanent researchers are civil servants hired on the basis of competitive examinations that range from vocational certificate to doctoral level. As an effect of industrialization, education and the receding influence of religion, the birth rate in Wallonia began falling in 1870, along with that in many other European countries but 30 years ahead of Flanders (Figures 1 and 2). An Insiders’ Outside Perspective on the Flemish-Walloon Conflict: The Role of Identification and Disidentification for the German-Speaking Minority. INED is placing increasing emphasis on training in research through the practice of research. As a possible side effect, the succession of reforms resulted in increased autonomy for the small German-speaking community (Dewulf, 2009). are published at a later date. With its economic growth rapidly moving past that of Wallonia, whose mining industries were faltering, the Walloons now agreed on the creation of a language barrier over fear of being overpowered and turning Flemish. comments powered by Moreover, Brussels has a considerable population of foreign-born residents whose fertility is higher than the national average. is the difference between births and deaths, and can be determined There is also a rising German presence along the borders of Germany, just to make things more interesting. INED designs and carries out its own surveys. These results support our assumption that disidentification with Belgium has a stronger negative effect on attitudes towards the Walloon and Flemish communities than identification with the German-speaking community (Hypothesis 3a).1. Another reason designating this finding as remarkable is the fact that these territories have been subject to rather fierce ‘de-Germanization’ policies, especially after the Second World War and the alleged collaboration of German-speaking citizens (although they were often forced to join the German troops; see Dewulf, 2009). Instead, its regions were named by the major count ruled "counties" and duke ruled "duchies", such as Hainaut, Brabant, and Flanders. The religion of the vast majority of both groups is Roman Catholicism. Still, we are aware of some limitations of our study, which should be addressed in future research. The reason why Wallonians are resentful is that Wallonians always believed in Belgium, invested for "Belgium", both Flanders and Wallonia, mostly before the industrial collapse of the 60's. Japanese Psychological Research 49: 136–147, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5884.2007.00340.x, Jasinskaja-Lathi, I., Liebkind, K. and Solheim, E. (2009). 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